薩長同盟の舞台（国土地理院地図を加工・加筆）
薩長同盟成立のまさにその時に京都にいた桂久武は詳細な「上京日記」を残しています。当ブログで拙いながらも全訳をしてみました。
しかし、この日記には「薩長同盟」について直接の記述がないところから必ずしも決定的な史料として扱われてきませんでした。
例えば、三宅紹宣氏は
「なお、桂久武は二十日午後から不気色のため家にこもり、一月二十三日午前十時に藩邸へ出勤するまで政局から離れている。したがって『桂久武日記』が盟約について触れるところがないのは、むしろ自然である」（「薩長盟約の歴史的意義」『日本歴史』647号 2002年）
と書かれます。
また、家近良樹氏は薩摩藩における島津久光の存在を軽視すべきではなく、実際は六箇条盟約も久光の意向を大きく外れるものではなかったとし、その根拠として、もし画期的な盟約であったのならば家老の桂久武にも報告があったはずであり、そのことが上京日記には一切出てこないことを挙げられます。（『西郷隆盛と幕末維新の政局』146～147P 2011年）
しかし、そうでしょうか。当時の日記は半ば公文書で、他人に見せることを前提に書かれています。実際「上京日記」も最後に上京中の金銭の出納を細かく記録しています。つまり、記録者によって書いて良いことと書いてはいけないことの選別がされているのが普通だったのではないでしょうか。しかし、全く書かないのでは記録になりません。
別に伏見兼春の位置を推定した投稿でも書いたように、薩摩藩邸に収容された事情を、伏見藩邸に隣接する兼春に泊まっていた「松」から聞き出したと考えました。しかし、日記には「松」との面会理由は記されていません。この日の午前中に龍馬遭難を藩邸内で知った久武は執務室には向かわずに、その事を聞いた吉井の部屋から直接帰宅してしまっています。いかにも不自然です。
２月１日に龍馬は伏見藩邸から二本松藩邸に移送されています。このことは三吉慎蔵日記から確認できます。すでに龍馬が薩摩藩邸に匿われていることは幕府方としても十分熟知していることで、伏見藩邸は幕府方の監視下にありました。そこに吉井友実が鉄砲を携えた小隊六十人ばかりを率いて移送作戦を強行しました。このことは龍馬自身が年末に家族に送った手紙（慶応二年十二月四日 坂本権平、一同あて）に詳しく書いています。
龍馬が伏見藩邸に逃げ込んだ直後から伏見奉行所が伏見藩邸を監視下に置いたことは土佐藩京都藩邸史料（『土佐藩京都藩邸資料目録』高知県立坂本龍馬記念館 所収）からわかります。それに対応して二本松から鉄砲を携えた１４，５人の人数が伏見藩邸に送り込まれています。
伏見奉行所は所司代に知らせた第一報の冒頭で寺田屋で押収した書類について、「坂本龍馬所持書類写取奉差上候」と書き、この重要性をアピールしています。逆に捕り方が２名拳銃で殺害されたことについては報告はありません。奉行所としてはこの書類の内容からして龍馬を政治犯として逮捕すべきと考えていますが、なにしろ大藩相手なので手を出しかねていると窮状を訴えています。
この時点で一気に伏見藩邸は注目の的になっており、２月１日時点では尋常ではない緊張感があったと想像できます。その中で龍馬の二本松藩邸移送が六十名ほどの軍事力を発動して行われています。かなりの強硬策といえるでしょう。
この一週間あまりの久武の日記をみていると、翌２５日には小松、内田、吉井同伴の４人で小松原調練場取得のための見分に出向いていますが、このメンバーに西郷は加わっていません。おそらく藩邸に詰めていたのでしょう。２６日は小松原調練場買収の決定を西郷も加わって行っています。午後は三条、四条にでかけています。２７日は藩邸には行かず、江戸の岩下に手紙を書き、午後はやはり買い物にでかけている。２８日も連続して藩邸には行かずに買い物にでかけています。この間、藩邸では龍馬移送について議論が行われていたことでしょう。久武があえてそこから距離をおいているようです。
しかし、この日の留守中に奥医師の西郷幽泉が尋ねてきています。医師が何の用事があったのでしょうか。孫兵衛が受けた用件も記されていません。ずっと考えていましたが、この記述の仕方は正月２４日に「松」と会ったという何気ない記述と同様ではないかと思い当たりました。つまり、幽泉は移送計画にあたって龍馬の現在の容体を二本松に伝えに来て、そのあと藩邸メンバーおそらく西郷から久武にも教えてやって欲しいという依頼をうけてのことだったのではと想像します。
２９日も終日宿舎にいます。藩邸にはあえて行かずです。３０日も終日藩邸には行っていません。２月１日も藩邸には行っていません。つまり、連続５日間藩邸には行ってないことになります。
そして、２月２日、３日は「毎之通出殿」とだけあり、それ以外のことは全く書かれていません。龍馬を強行収容したことで二本松藩邸は、おそらく緊張状態に包まれていたはずです。藩邸に行った久武にまったく伝わらないことは考えられません。この２日、３日は藩邸首脳部で深刻な会議がもたれていたはずです。ずっと龍馬移送に距離を置いていた久武もこれには加わらざるをえず、この間日記をつける暇がなかった、あるいはわざと付けなかったのでしょう。
しかし、久武は一日も欠かさずに日記を付けているので、２、３日の日付を欠くわけにはいかず、結局、無難な記述を選んで。あとから書いたと考えられます。この２月２日から７日まで、ずっと書いていた天候に関する記述がないというのは傍証にはならないでしょうか。
この間、４日には藩邸に出勤後、御花畑で小松から重職としては久武、諏訪氏のみ、其他何人かの藩士と、さらに注目すべきは召し使っている女中もよばれて何事かを訓示されているように読めます。これまたその内容が書かれていません。やはり、怪我をして収容されている龍馬の扱いについて話しがされたものと思われます。龍馬はこの日からさらに御花畑に移送されて療養にあたることになったと考えます。そうでないと女中もよばれた意味がわかりません。
龍馬遭難に関して上京日記を深読みしてきました。考えてみれば、鉄砲をもった６０人もの小隊が幕府側に監視されながら、伏見から二本松まで移動するというのは超大事です。なのに、その緊張感が上京日記を読む限り伝わってこないのは逆におかしいとさえ言えます。ここは久武は自らの藩主父子の名代という立場を配慮して距離を置いていたとしか考えようがありません。そうでなければこの件が不測の事態を呼び起こしたときに京都藩邸自体が対処できなくなります。おそらく、重職たちの間で、それぞれの役割分担がなされた結果だと思います。
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